(2) Actual Rates
Actual rates are calculated using the exact number of times something occurs, such as death, birth, medical procedure or illness. Actual rates do not take into account the patient's personal characteristics, health status or other conditions that may influence the patient outcome and response to treatment.

(3) Predicted Rates
Predicted rates are estimates for an outcome of care or treatment when additional patient factors are taken into account. The predicted rate comes from statistical methods that consider that patients with the same diagnosis may have different risk factors, like other medical conditions or personal characteristics that impact how a patient responds to treatment. For example, a 45-year-old man admitted to a hospital with an initial heart attack and no other medical conditions or disease is expected to have a greater chance of survival than an 80-year-old woman with diabetes and high blood pressure also admitted to a hospital for a heart attack.

"This report was produced using proprietary computer software created, owned and licensed by the 3M Company. All copyrights in and to the 3M APR™ Software, and to the 3M APR™ DRG classification system(s) (including the selection, coordination and arrangement of all codes) are owned by 3M. All rights reserved." The 3M systems provide statistics on the clinical complexity of patients (i.e. different risk factors, like other medical conditions or personal characteristics that impact how a patient responds to treatment). The system is widely used by researchers and the healthcare industry for measuring hospital performance and patient outcomes.